This Accountancy and Business Administration Review presents the research papers of student researchers from the accountancy, business administration, tourism management and hospitality management programs; hence, the diverse research topics are tackled in this bulletin.
Its mission is to provide an outlet for quality research to be publicised and published to a global audience. The journal aims to publish papers selected through rigorous peer review to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The Journal
ISSN: 2423-1339 (Online)
ISSN: 2423-1339 (Print)
DOI: to be posted...
Publication Frequency: Yearly
Editor-in-Chief
Emmanuel James P. Pattaguan, Ph.D.
Vice President for Academics, University Research and Development Center
Managing Editors
Dr. Marie Jean N. Mendezabal, PhD
Director, University Research and Development Center
Mrs. Karen Joy A. Catacutan
Head, Center for Business Research and Development
Mr. Emilio A. Carag
Language Editor, University Research and Development Center
Contents
Learning Enjoyment And Challenges Of Accounting Education In A Catholic University
Mary Angelyne Agpaoa, Marjohn Baligod, Cathy Buquel, Jaylord Masirag, Aldricah Zinampan, Jerome Banera, CPA
Recognizing the realities of the academic world today, higher education institutions must expand their mission beyond merely disseminating knowledge to help maintain a competitive economy, and most importantly, to secure the dream of graduates to get jobs and become socially recognized and successful in their respective field of endeavors. This study is conducted to determine the learning enjoyment in learning style, teaching style, accountancy program, and facilities, and the challenges of the students in studying their professional subjects. A total of 167 respondents and 20 informants were selected using a convenient sampling method. Furthermore, Weighted Mean and ANOVA were used for the quantitative aspect of the study, and for its qualitative aspect, thematic analysis was utilized. The study concludes that students find learning enjoyment in terms of their study habits but encountered challenges such as problems in time management, personal and academic distractions, and slow learning ability. They also experienced challenges when it comes to fast-paced teaching, limited discussion of the topic, incorporating concepts and problems in teaching, developing teachers, not engaging teaching aids, and unsuitable assessments. In terms of the course factor, respondents agreed that they enjoy the accounting program, even though they are under pressure, mentally unstable, and losing motivation. Finally, students still enjoy the facilities of the university amidst the challenges such as crowded space and lack of resources in the library, crowded space in the learning halls, poor internet connectivity, poor ventilation in the classroom, and lack of study area.
Keywords: Accounting, Learning Enjoyment, Accounting Education, Accounting Program, Professional Subjects
Predictive Validity Of Undergraduates’ General Weighted Average On Licensure Examination For Certified Public Accountants Subjects To LECPA Results
Laica Mae Barnacha, Mercy Grace de la Cruz, April Joy Orpilla, Meriah Elizabeth Palor, Rodessa Pariñas, Jerome Marquez, CPA
The purpose of this research is to show the relationship between the Undergraduate General Weighted Average (GWA) and the Licensure Examination for Certified Public Accountants (LECPA) among Accountancy graduates from the University of Saint Louis from 2018 to 2022. Documentation was employed by the researchers to collect data. The results of LECPA from October 2018 to May 2022 were obtained through a request letter addressed to the Philippine Regulatory Commission. The undergraduate GWA, on the other hand, was calculated using data requested and received from the University Registrar. Undergraduate GWA and LECPA data were evaluated using frequency and percentage. While the Pearson-R Correlational Coefficient was utilized to establish whether or not there is a significant correlation between the undergraduates' GWA of LECPA-related subjects and the Licensure Examination for Certified Public Accountants results. The study revealed that Undergraduate GWA and LECPA results are positively related, and having a high Undergraduate GWA can help to pass the LECPA.
Keywords: Licensure Examination for Certified Public Accountants (LECPA), Accountancy, LECPA Result, LECPA Subject, General Weighted Average (GWA), Correlation
Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intentions Of Accounting Students Of University Of Saint Louis - Tuguegarao
Rhoanne Babaran, Erika Mae Ermitanio, Milky Miles Resco, Marvin Joebert Carpio, Jojo Gamazon II, Dr. Darin Jan Tindowen
This study was conducted to determine the entrepreneurial intention of accounting students who plan to establish a business career in the future. Data was collected through a questionnaire divided into three parts: part one (1) answered the profile of the respondents, part two(2) determined the students with a high level of entrepreneurial intention, while part three(3) measured the factors that influenced their intention. A total of 274 respondents enrolled in the accounting programs of the University of Saint Louis—Tuguegarao were selected using a stratified random sampling which was then filtered to 203 students determined with high level of entrepreneurial intention through purposive sampling. The data gathered was analyzed using mean to compute respondents’ entrepreneurial intention, and their profile was analyzed through descriptive statistics. An independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test if there is a significant difference in the factors influencing their entrepreneurial intentions when grouped according to their profile. The study revealed that entrepreneurial education, attitude towards entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial behavior, and self-efficacy are slightly influential towards the entrepreneurial intention of students. Moreover, the study also found that the profile of the respondents does not affect the factors that influenced their intent to engage in business.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intention, Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Behavior, Planned Behavior
Virtual Internship Evaluation: A Basis For Internship Improvement
Therese Ann Awing, Shaira Keith Benitez, Marimar Bingayan, Conchita Canapi, Abigail Soriano, Jerome Marquez
This study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the virtual internship program of the Accountancy and Management Accounting programs of University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao. A mixed methods research design was utilized. A total of 88 graduates from Bachelor of Science in Accountancy and 115 graduates from Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting who participated in the virtual internship program during the School Year 2021-2022 were the respondents for the close-ended questionnaire, while ten (10) selected students of each program from different agencies participated in the virtual Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the questionnaire, the results revealed that the virtual internship program of the BS Accountancy and BS Management Accounting was implemented and effective along institutional and company evaluations. It was further revealed that virtual internship was associated with a number of limitations. Students were free to choose their mode of internship, whether face-to-face or virtual, as both provide an avenue to taste the glimpse of the professional world.
Keywords: Virtual Internship Program, Accountancy, Management Accounting, Implementation, Effectiveness
Effects Of Socioeconomic Factors On The Academic Performance Of Management Accounting Students During The Pandemic
Andrea Lorenz Alipio, Clarine Joy Asuncion, Kriscen Joy Damian, Moby Dick Macalufig, Mithea Viernes, Gladys Tumbali
The launch of the heritage tour by the city tourism office made kalesa more recognized in the city. In addition, kalesa is becoming popular as a transportation mode and an additional attraction. This study assessed the visitors' expectations and experience satisfaction with kalesa as tourism transportation in Tuguegarao City. Descriptive quantitative research method was used. A field and technical expert validated the questionnaires where google forms were utilized to gather data from the participants. A total of 46 respondents answered the questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The profile of the respondents was analyzed using frequency and percentage. The assessment of kalesa as tourism transportation was analyzed using mean. Lastly, T-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that the strong point for the expectation of the kalesa ride experience in the city was mainly focused on the excitement factor. Experience satisfaction in the aspect of comfortability, capacity of the kalesa, safety and security, pricing, and condition of the kalesa is equal to its expectation. Moreover, the kalesa’s cleanliness was considered a concern for immediate attention and enhancement. Visitors were satisfied but needed improvement in all areas. The Local Government Unit (LGU) may use the findings of this study in collaboration with the City Tourism Office of Tuguegarao in the proceeding ordinance concerning the use of kalesa as tourism transportation.
Keywords: Student Environment, Financial Resources, New Learning Method, Academic Performance, COVID-19
CPA Mock Board Examination: Its Implication To LECPA Performance of Batch 2022 BS Accountancy Graduates
Mary Joy Cabaruan, Krisfel Mae Concepcion, Precious Joy Oggas, Laeh Deanne Tabaco, Laerish Shane Villacillo, Jerome Marquez
Mock board experience is integral to accountancy students' evaluation and readiness for Licensure Examination for Certified Public Accountants (LECPA). LECPA is held twice a year, in May and October. The subject areas are the following: (a) Financial Accounting and Reporting, (b) Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting, (c) Management Advisory Services, (d) Auditing, (e) Taxation, and (f) Regulatory Framework for Business Transactions. The research aims to determine the relationship between the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Mock Board Examination and LECPA among University of Saint Louis accountancy graduates for the year 2022. The researchers utilized documentation to gather data. A request letter was issued to the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) to collect the results of the 2022 LECPA, and Mock board examination from the University of Saint Louis for the research study. The data on CPA mock exams and LECPA scores were analyzed using frequency, and the correlation between CPA mock tests and LECPA scores was examined using Pearson-R. The study found a correlational relationship between the CPA Mock Board Examination and the LECPA, and vice versa.
Keywords:Contributions, Challenges, Opportunities, Local Wine, Tata Wine, Tourism Industry
Motivations And Learnings Of Accounting Students In Community Engagement Participation
Kai Crisostomo, Dianne Leigh Garrido, Vincent James Mallari, Gerean Marie Marallag, Romel Joe Raguindin, Fe Rose-Anne Maramag
Engaging in the community and addressing societal concerns raise an individual's awareness and open them to many perspectives about the roles and relationships that contribute to it. The University of Saint Louis-Tuguegarao (USLT), a CICM school, incorporates community engagement activities into its curriculum. However, this study focused on Outreach Programs and Extension Activities, excluding the Service-Learning Program. This study explored the motivations, learning, and recommendations of accounting students participating in community engagement. This qualitative study was conducted through online or in-person interviews, which provided flexibility and capacity to gather more data to assess the variables. The informants were asked to answer open-ended questions about their motivations, experiences, and recommendations. In addition, it utilized purposive sampling to gather informants based on the needs of this paper. This study concludes that students participate in community engagement to help the marginalized and to have self-development. With this, the students' learning reflected a sense of community, self-fulfillment, and the benefits of talking about the environment. Furthermore, vital skills were also enhanced; participation gave way to students’ communication skills and social skills. These community engagements will come to fruition if additional outreach programs are implemented and follow-up programs for the existing community engagements are conducted. Future researchers need to study the perception of the beneficiaries of community engagements – evaluations from the recipients that can conclude the effect or impact of the community engagements.
Keywords:Community Engagement Participation, Accounting Students, Motivation, Learning Skills, Recommendations for Community Engagement
Accounting Students’ Evaluation Of Online Internship Experiences From A Skills Perspective
Marsevien Anzia, Trisha Mae Babaran, Shane Mari Patio, Geneib Rabina, Alexander Jude Malabad, Alicia Tuliao
An online internship is a common situation that will help improve the abilities obtained in school. The study showed that accounting graduates developed valuable hard and soft skills via online internships. This indicates that even if the interns encountered challenges due to the pandemic, they could still develop and acquire skills that would enhance their readiness in the real world. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the skills and challenges of accounting graduates during their online internships. The researchers gathered data from 152 accounting graduates who were enrolled in the academic year 2021-2022 from the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao. Data for the study was collected using a modified questionnaire through Google Forms containing two parts: part one (1) evaluates the hard and soft skills expected to be developed, and part two (2) looks into the interns’ challenges encountered during their internship. The data gathered for evaluating Online Internships and Hard and Soft Skills was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency counts, percentages, and rank. Meanwhile, mean was used to describe the challenges encountered by the interns.
Keywords:Pandemic, Online Internship, Hard Skills, Soft Skills
Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Lodging Industry: A Basis for a Proposed Crisis Management Framework in Nangaramoan Beach, Santa Ana
Alex Allauigan, Crisha Kaena Canasa, Sammy Garcillano, Thea Joy Gayagoy, Micah Pascua, John Mosel Bitonio
The outbreak of COVID-19 has plagued the lodging industry with uncertainties. As an industry primarily based on human mobility and close interaction, the lodging industry was forced to cease its operations to control the movement of the virus. The researchers conducted the study to explore the challenges and coping mechanisms in reopening the lodging industry towards a proposed crisis management framework in Nangaramoan Beach, Santa Ana. A descriptive-qualitative research design was utilized in the study. Through purposive sampling, ten informants from Nangaramoan Beach, Santa Ana participated in the study. The data were gathered through a face-to-face interview with open-ended questions. The results revealed three (3) major recurring themes in the challenges of the lodging establishment owners: (1) Reduced Income; (2) Poor Lodging Occupancy; and (3) Lack of Lodging Refurbishment Budget. Three (3) major recurring themes for coping mechanisms were also revealed: (1) Shifting to Other Sources of Income; (2) Possessing a Positive Mindset and Attitude During the Pandemic; and (3) Reduction of Staff. The study concludes that the lodging establishment owners experienced various challenges in the reopening of the lodging industry in Nangaramoan Beach. However, by employing coping mechanisms, the lodging establishment owners can thrive and survive the challenges they have faced and still currently facing. Furthermore, the proposed crisis management framework was developed to serve as a basis to prepare and let lodging establishment owners be cognizant of future unprecedented circumstances which may ruin lodging operations. Applying the proposed framework can assist lodging establishment owners with better service and operations.
Keywords: Challenges, Coping Mechanisms, COVID-19 Pandemic, Crisis Management, Lodging Industry
Experiences of Employees in Hotel Quarantine Facilities: Basis for the Development of Crisis Management Framework
Alyka Adesah Mae Boado, Erika Mae Capinianes, Erica Mae Castro, Leuelynne Jean Napitan, Kisha Claire Santiago, John Mosel Bitonio
Due to the Covid-19 virus, everything has undergone a significant pivot, including livelihood, access to medicine, and the movement of products and services. One of the most affected industries is the hospitality and tourism sector. There was a sudden shift from the regular operation of a hotel to becoming a quarantine facility for isolated guests. Hence, this research explored the employees' experiences working in a hotel quarantine facility as a basis for developing a human resource crisis management framework. This study utilized basic qualitative research to explore the employees' experiences working in hotel quarantine facilities. Consequently, this study revealed that among the hotel changes are adjustments on how operations are carried out, how services are provided, and how many staff choose to stay despite the risk of contamination. Due to this, most employees experienced psychological and physical problems due to the increased risk of contamination from the virus and the fact that the employees were separated from their families.
Keywords: Human Resource, Crisis Management Framework, Hotel Quarantine, Isolation Facility, Personal Protective Equipment, Health Protocols, Covid-19 Virus
Employee Retention Strategies of Hotel Industries In Tuguegarao Amidst the Pandemic
John Paul Galang, John Ray Pablo, Quennie Melad, Gemilu Tamaray, Ma Sherelyn Tama, Rizza Velasco
The hospitality industry has been one of the first industries affected, specifically the hotel sector. With the changes in society due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the hotel industry experienced an employment shock earlier than other industries, with a sharp drop in the number of employees and a dramatic rise in temporary leave. One of the toughest challenges an organization or a business encounters nowadays is on managing their people amidst the pandemic and keeping them at their job. Consequently, it is essential to identify those retention strategies in the hotel industry to gain new insights and approaches for stabilizing hotel employment amidst the pandemic. However, several studies about employee retention have been recently published, but there is no specific research about retaining employees amidst the pandemic. For these reasons, the researchers have decided to embark on this study to determine the strategies of accredited hotel industries in retaining their employees amidst the pandemic in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. After sending a letter to the school administrators and hotel managers to seek permission to conduct the study, the researchers proceeded to administer survey questionnaires to 5 accredited hotels in Tuguegarao City that retained all their employees amidst the pandemic. The findings of this study confirm that fourteen (14) strategies are fully employed in the 5 accredited hotels. However, the strategy concerning the remuneration of employees, even if there is a reduction in their total salary due to the limited working scheme set by the government, is employed.
Keywords: Retention Strategies, Hotel Industries, Covid-19 Pandemic, Employee, Hospitality Industry
Environmental Sustainability Practices of Mt. Talama in Tabuk City, Kalinga
Clark Jay Oloraza, Glycel Jade Besas, Mariju Gangngat, Karla Mae Suguitan, Cyrus Batan, Rizza Velasco
Environmental sustainability is concerned about how a company can affect natural resources, and it asks for action that would not jeopardize ecosystem health. It is also a state of equilibrium, stability, and interconnection that enables human civilization to meet its needs while not exceeding the ability of its supporting habitats to continue regenerating the resources required to meet those needs, nor through our activities reducing biological diversity. This study aimed to explore the environmental sustainability practices of Mt. Talama in Tabuk City, Kalinga through the environmental efforts and initiatives of the informants in the tourism site. There were eight (8) informants interviewed under the descriptive qualitative method. After the interview, commonalities were identified and major themes were developed. These were: (1) environmental sustainability practices implemented in Mt. Talama, (2) challenges on the implementation of environmental sustainability practices of Mt. Talama, and (3) coping mechanisms to address the challenges. Furthermore, it is concluded that there are four (4) environmental sustainability practices that are implemented in Mt. Talama which are proper waste disposal, tree planting, solar panel and partnership with the government. However, the encountered challenges or issues when implementing these practices are visitors’ noncompliance with the laws and policies, improper waste disposal, and lack of funds to sustain the tourism site. Moreover, it is concluded that in order for them to deal with these challenges, they are guided by environmental laws and policies, and imposed penalties and punishment.
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Practices, Challenges, wastes, laws and policies, Mt. Talama
Assessment of Kalesa as Tourism Transportation In Tuguegarao City
Ma. Mercedes Bayo, Karen Mae Callueng, Hannah Lei Delas Alas, Koleen Eliza Gonzaga, Lyka Mae Guzman, Fe Rose-Anne Maramag
The launch of the heritage tour by the city tourism office made kalesa more recognized in the city. In addition, kalesa is becoming popular as a transportation mode and an additional attraction. This study assessed the visitors' expectations and experience satisfaction with kalesa as tourism transportation in Tuguegarao City. Descriptive quantitative research method was used. A field and technical expert validated the questionnaires where google forms were utilized to gather data from the participants. A total of 46 respondents answered the questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The profile of the respondents was analyzed using frequency and percentage. The assessment of kalesa as tourism transportation was analyzed using mean. Lastly, T-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to test the hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that the strong point for the expectation of the kalesa ride experience in the city was mainly focused on the excitement factor. Experience satisfaction in the aspect of comfortability, capacity of the kalesa, safety and security, pricing, and condition of the kalesa is equal to its expectation. Moreover, the kalesa’s cleanliness was considered a concern for immediate attention and enhancement. Visitors were satisfied but needed improvement in all areas. The Local Government Unit (LGU) may use the findings of this study in collaboration with the City Tourism Office of Tuguegarao in the proceeding ordinance concerning the use of kalesa as tourism transportation.
Keywords: Tourism Transportation, Kalesa, Expectation, Experience Satisfaction, Kutsero
Exploring The Locally Produced Wine In The Tourism Industry of Abulug, Cagayan
Jhoanne Rae Bunagan, Denise Faye Comonical, Zhea Charis Gamiao, Christina Ericka Lopez, Jean Aidan Pierre Tolentino
This study aimed to explore the locally produced wine in Abulug, Cagayan. Specifically, it is intended to explore the contributions, challenges and opportunities of the Tata wine in Abulug, Cagayan. To extract vital information, the data were gathered and analyzed to answer the formulated questions. Thus, it was analyzed using a narrative analysis. Hence, results revealed that the Municipality of Abulug had difficulties in promoting the locally produced wine (Tata wine) despite having its contributions. However, there is still a need for improvement in order to reach a wider market in tourism. Despite the limitations, the Tata wine as a tourism product has potentials, as there are also opportunities presented. Hence, the following recommendations are forwarded: Enhance the sample size and broaden the scope, Improve some aspects that could help market tata wine, Strengthen present strategies and/or formulate new ones, Focus on putting permanent employees in the tourism department, Encourage the Local Government of Abulug to conduct studies, Undertake mass production of the nipa wine as part of the income generating activities of Abulug, and Design and develop packaging materials for an added market value.
Keywords:Contributions, Challenges, Opportunities, Local Wine, Tata Wine, Tourism Industry
Factors Affecting The Purchase Intention Of Tourists To Tour Packages In Sta. Ana, Cagayan
Princess Jade Abad, Jaimie Coloma, Lady Wella Dagdag, Nesa Rea Llanto, Julie Fe Piñon, John Mosel Bitonio
Traveling to different locations, both domestic and international, has already become possible since the COVID-19 protocols were lifted. Tour operators design tour packages that adhere to protocols and provide welcoming packages that meet not only tourists' expectations and budgets, but also their safety and security. Tourists consider a variety of factors, allowing them to confidently enjoy the services provided, which are influenced by price, itineraries/activities, review ratings, promotions, and package inclusions. This study was carried out to determine how factors influence tourists' purchase intentions for tour packages in Sta. Ana, Cagayan, using a convenience sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that price and itinerary influence the purchasing intention of tourists to tour packages in Sta. Ana, Cagayan to a great extent. The findings also revealed that there is no significant difference in the factors influencing purchase intention. This implies that profile has nothing to do with the purchase intention of tourists to tour packages in Sta. Ana, Cagayan.
Keywords:Purchase Intention, Tour packages, Price, Itineraries, Sta. Ana, Cagayan
PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF CPA MOCK EXAMINATIONS TO CPA LICENSURE EXAMINATIONS OF USL ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES
Xamper Janleo Abella, Andrei Joshua Soriano, Bien Gabriel Tarrosa, Jerome Marquez
The purpose of the study is to ascertain the correlation between Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Mock Examinations and CPA Licensure Examination (CPALE) among Accountancy graduates in the University of Saint Louis for the years 2018 and 2019. Documentation was used by the researchers to gather the data. The result of the 2018 and 2019 mock examination and CPA Licensure Examination for the study was collected through a request letter sent to Philippine Regulatory Commission and Certified Public Accountant Reviewer of the Philippines. The data on the CPA mock examinations scores and CPALE scores were analyzed using frequency while the correlation between CPA mock examinations and CPALE scores was analyzed using Pearson-R. The study revealed that even when a graduate passed the mock examination with high remarks, it does not give a reasonable assurance in passing the CPALE and vice versa.
Keywords: Mock examinations, CPALE, Correlation
EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC NEW GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM (E-NGAS) ON ACCOUNTING, REPORTING AND FINANCIAL CONTROL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (LGUS) IN THE PROVINCE OF CAGAYAN
Edgardo Jr. M. Andres, Carina J. Catabay, Cristine Joyce D. Herbert, Darlene A. Ponce, Ralph M. Ancheta, Jervie Gumatay*
The Electronic New Government Accounting System (e-NGAS) is accounting software developed by the COA to promote correctness, reliability, completeness and timeliness in recording government transactions and to generate financial reports in accordance with Government Accounting Manual (GAM). Local Government Units (LGUs) are basic units of government which addresses problems of a more certain area, as compared to the national government. This study aimed to determine the effect of eNGAS on financial accounting, reporting and financial control of LGUs. Descriptive research method was utilized. Additionally, the study was conducted in Cagayan and the respondents were the accounting staffs of the different LGUs. Questionnaire was the primary gathering tool used which consisted of two parts. Moreover, statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, ANOVA, and Pearson R were used in the analysis of data. Results showed that majority of the respondents came from the municipality group and first class LGUs in terms of income. Finally, the e-NGAS has extremely positive effect on the accounting and reporting, and financial control of LGUs in Cagayan using e-NGAS.
Keywords: Electronic New Government Accounting System, Government Accounting Manual, Local Government Units, Financial Accounting, Reporting, Financial Control
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEES’ INTENTION TO LEAVE IN AUDITING FIRMS
Abigail Escoria, Mira Ashly Rescopin, Gian Jay Sian, Mark Vincent Siggayo,
Rovelle Concepcion Siazon*
Auditing firms are aware of their negative portrayal and have implemented programs to recruit and retain employees; however, high employee turnover remains to be a problem (George & Wallio, 2017). Many determinants were identified to affect employees of auditing firms to their current organization, but job satisfaction proves to significantly affect employee retention. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and the auditors’ intention to leave. Data for the study was collected using a standardized questionnaire containing two parts: part (1) one for the measurement of the level of job satisfaction and part (2) two for auditors’ intention to leave. The data gathered was then analyzed using mean, to quantify auditors’ level of job satisfaction and intention to leave and Pearson r, to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and employees’ intention to leave. This study revealed that the respondents, junior and senior audit associates, are satisfied with their current organization and very often intend to leave their current organization. Moreover, findings show that job satisfaction has a significant but moderate influence on employees’ intention to leave. This shows that even if employees are highly satisfied with their job, it is not assured that they don’t intend to leave.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Intention to Leave, Auditing Firms
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF EXAMINEES ON CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT LICENSURE EXAMINATION (CPALE)
Christopher Acang, Kayl Asperela, Noreen Binag, Jobylin Kriezl Binalay,
Andrea Trisha Lei Briones, Rommel Royce Cadapan*
Certified Public Accountant Licensure Examinations (CPALE) has always been one of the toughest licensure examinations to pass in the Philippines. It is a holistic exam that dwells not only on the academic capability of the examinees. This research study was conducted to determine non-academic factors that affected the performance of USL accountancy graduates in the CPALE May and October 2019. The study used a checklist together with a series of interview questions to determine these factors. Results showed that the mental state and condition of the examinees affected their performance. This includes the focus, mindset, ability to handle pressure, and avoidance of unnecessary activities that affect the productivity of the examinees. The study also revealed that the preparation during the review which includes quality of review habits and materials, their attitude towards studying, and active participation in review sessions conducted by review schools are factors affecting the performance of examinees. It was also determined that the physical condition should not be compromised because it can have an adverse effect on their performance. Results also showed that the participation of the families of the examinees, the friends that they choose to be with during their preparation, and faith in God all contributed to the psychological preparation of an examinee for the exam.
Keywords: Certified Public Accountant Licensure Exam, Factors affecting the performance of examinees, Performance of the examinees
INFORMATION SKILLS (IT) SKILLS LEARNED IN THE UNDERGRADUATE ACCOUNTING CURRICULUM AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE WORKPLACE
Lyn Holy Baylon, Adrian Anthony Contillo, Raezel Carla Fontanilla, Fabrienne Kate Liberato, Jerome Marquez*
IT skills are now becoming highly valuable in the accounting practice. Therefore, IT skills should be included as integral part in the undergraduate accounting curriculum. The study aimed to gauge the relevance of IT skills embedded in the undergraduate accounting curriculum with respect to the current workplace scenario of Certified Public Accountants. This study made use of two sets of questionnaires as the primary tools. This study gathered the data and responses provided by 5th year BS Accountancy students of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao, as well as CPA’s in the public, commerce and government sectors of accounting practice. The student responses were analyzed through mean, while employee responses were analyzed through mode and frequency. The study showed that IT skills were learned by students at a good extent. On the other hand, employee responses have shown the need to further intensify IT skills education in the undergraduate, given that IT skills are highly valued in the accounting career. Given that this study was administered to limited respondents in a certain locale, future studies may be conducted to increase generalizability.
Keywords: Information Technology, Skills, Accounting, CPA, Workplace
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Dan Mark Lazo, Veatrice Ann Cristobal, Maricon Gay Eugenio,
Maria Leonor Rosales, Jerome Marquez*
Capital structure is the lifeblood of every business to cope with the fast-changing economic environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the capital structure in terms of debt-equity ratio of the business establishments and its relationship to their financial performances mainly their Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Primary data were gathered through their annual financial reports for the span of three years (2016, 2017, and 2018). In the determination of capital structure, frequency and percentage were used to count the numbers of firms employing more debt than equity, lesser debt than equity, and zero debt. The findings revealed that some businesses tend to be more equity-extensive but became debt-extensive in later years while some remained to employ more equity in later years. In addition, few remained to be zero indebted. The profitability ratios Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) of the businesses were averaged and it revealed that it continued to thrive in their 3 years of operation. Moreover, the Pearson Correlation Analysis to test the relationship of capital structure and financial performance rejected the hypothesis and became evident that no relationship exists between the two.
Keywords:Capital Structure, Financial Performance, Return on Asset, Return on Equity
THE INFLUENCE OF POINT OF SALE SYSTEM IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF THE RETAIL SECTOR
Shaina Rica P. Co, Julius Ed B. Guerrero, Sheira-Mae G. Laluan
Some, if not all retail sectors, have Point of Sale which is assistive and reliable on giving the retailers access to relevant data such as inventory levels, customer behavior in addition to supplying business performance reports and analysis. This research aimed to examine the influence of Point of Sale System in the supply chain performance of the retail sectors in Tuguegarao City. The study utilized descriptive and correlational methods of research. A modified questionnaire from the study of Njenga (2017) was the primary gathering tool and the respondents were the employees who are specifically working in the procurement section, stores & inventory management section, finance and accounts, information technology departments and marketing section were considered. The questionnaire had undergone pilot test and was found reliable and valid with the test results of 0.890 for Rapid Scan System, 0.900 for Cloud Based Communication Systems, and 0.885 for Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale. The findings revealed that the systems under the Point of Sale namely the rapid scan systems, cloud based communication system, and electronic fund transfer at point of sale system are influential in the supply chain performance of the retail sector. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the cloud based communication system and the supply chain performance of the retail sector in Tuguegarao City in terms of supply chain responsiveness and agility, increased service speed and customer satisfaction.
Keywords: : Point of Sale, Supply Chain Performance, Retail Sector, Rapid Scan System, Cloud Based Communication Systems, Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale
EFFECTS OF TRAIN LAW TO MERCHANDISING BUSINESSES IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Herald Joshua L. Dimalanta, Francis Andrei R. Lorenzo, Marielle M. Madamba, Jenifer T. Malana, Roxanne C. Manuel, Rommel Royce Cadapan*
The sudden modification in the tax regulation in the Philippines led the individuals, economic experts, and businesses into mixed views. Thus, this paper determined particularly the effects of TRAIN Law to the merchandising businesses and their coping mechanisms to its adverse effects. Through the use of a qualitative research method, an interview was conducted to 31 participants of various merchandising businesses. The data gathered were analyzed using thematic analyses and supporting documents were obtained. Results show that most of the businesses had increased total purchases because of increase in unit purchase price. This is the main reason why businesses were forced to increase their selling prices and the effects are mixed since some experienced decrease in sales so they had to change strategy by offering discounts or increasing their advertising efforts. Tax expense was not directly affected by TRAIN Law since this is dependent on the sales and purchases of the businesses. Because of the online filing of taxes, some said that it is more difficult while some said it is easier.
Keywords: TRAIN Law, taxation, adverse effects, merchandising business, sales, purchases, tax expenses
LEVERAGE AND PROFITABILITY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Andre Abram Cruz, Diego Jerico Dakiwag, Loirhe Joyce Gamet, Shei Gozum, Ma Kezziah Macapallag, Catlyn Therese Verbo*
According to Philippine Statistics Authority (2019), one of the contributors in the progress of the economy in Cagayan Valley in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was the MSMEs. The financial performance of a MSME can be measured through profitability and leverage. Several researches regarding the relationship of profitability and leverage were conducted. However, the researches presented different results. Using the financial statements from 2016 to 2018 of MSMEs in Tuguegarao City, this study focused on figuring out the relationship of profitability and leverage by applying the return on sales and debt ratio respectively. Quantitative research design was utilized in the study in assessing the MSME’s financial statements wherein data were collected from fifty (50) different MSMEs in Tuguegarao City. Pearson correlation coefficient was adapted to test the relationship between profitability and leverage of the MSMEs. Results presented that nearly all of the MSMEs have high level of profitability and low level of leverage. Thus, the study showed that there is a significant relationship between profitability and leverage and an inverse relationship among these variables existed.
Keywords: Profitability, Leverage, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Financial Performance
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS LEARNED IN AUDITING COURSES AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN THE ACCOUNTING INTERNSHIP
Marvin S. Mariano, Wynona Afhel D. Mateo, Ritchelle N. Mora, Mary Grace T. Narag, Jacob B. Ramirez, Rommel Royce Cadapan*
The University of St. Louis-Tuguegarao has long been implementing internship in the Accountancy program particularly sending student interns in auditing firms, but the auditing profession has continually grown and evolved in the past years. However, the knowledge and skills acquired in Auditing courses and the relevance of these as manifested in the accounting internship were not being constantly studied. Accounting educators were pressured by the industries and profession to generate graduates with knowledge and skills that meet the changing needs of the working environment. Therefore, this study aimed to report the findings of thorough study to determine the knowledge and skills acquired in auditing courses and if these were relevant in the accounting internship, and the gap in between. A total of 18 respondents who had undergone internship in auditing firms were involved in this study. It was found out that the exposure to the latest technology was the main gap in this study. Although some knowledge and skills also have different ranks but the discrepancies were tolerable. Hence, this study will help education institutions in preparing well-structured auditing courses that would be able to meet the evolving needs of the auditing firms.
Keywords: knowledge and skills, auditing courses, accounting education, accounting internship, working environment, relevance
PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS BY CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS IN THE ACADEME
Karen Joy T. Velota, Geralyne V. Zamora, Mark John Genesis B. Tubangui, Vincent C. Verzola, Rommel Royce Cadapan*
Communication skills are important for a teacher in the transmission of knowledge, classroom management and interaction with students. This study focused on assessing the perceived importance of communication skills in the facilitation of learning in the University of St. Louis Tuguegarao. Respondents included five hundred (500) accountancy students and all CPA instructors in the university. This study made use of a survey questionnaire. The study revealed that all of the given communication skills such as oral presentation, business writing, interpersonal processing, intra-processing, listening, evaluating or questioning, grammatical proficiency, giving and receiving feedback, positive motivation and vocabulary are highly important for the instructors and all except for business writing skills are highly important for the students. This implies that these communication skills are important and these act as a contributory factor that helps students in the learning process. The study also revealed that business writing skills, grammatical proficiency skills, giving and receiving feedback skills, positive motivation skills and vocabulary skills are affected by the instructors’ sex. Furthermore, interpersonal processing skills, listening skills and positive motivation skills are affected by the students’ sex and vocabulary skills are affected by the students’ year level.
Keywords: Communication skills, accounting instructors, academe
RETURN ON INVESTMENT OF BUSINESSES IN CAGAYAN VIS-A-VIS THEIR UTILIZATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM
Billy James R. Romias, Camille F. Tabbu, Sheeva Mae A. Tagayun, Phoebe Kates C Valera, Rommel Royce Cadapan*
Accounting Information System (AIS) is a structure that a business uses to collect, store, manage, process, retrieve, and report its financial data. As businesses are expecting more from their accounting information system, its significance to success is noteworthy for having a well-developed, maintained, efficient and accurate AIS is an essential building block of a business. The study aimed to determine the level of performance of merchandising businesses located in Cagayan that used manual AIS and computerized AIS in their operations. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling from the list of merchandising businesses located in Cagayan as provided by the Department of Trade and Industry of Tuguegarao, 39 of which participated in the study. In determining the level of their performance, the statement of financial position or commonly called the balance sheet and the statement of income from years 2016-2019 were secured and the profile of the business was collected through a checklist. Frequency, Percentage Distribution Table, and Cross Tabulation were used to summarize the data gathered. Results showed that regardless of what Accounting Information System is used by the merchandising businesses in Cagayan, a decrease or increase in their return on investment is still being experienced.
Keywords: Accounting Information System, Manual Accounting Information System, Computerized Accounting Information System, Return on Investment, Profitability
KNOWLEDGE OF BUSINESS OWNERS AND CASHIERS ON COUNTERFEIT MONEY
Airisse Jane V. Valdez, Kristofferson S. Cabrera, Ma. Alyssa Kaye G. Rosete and Shane Valeriano
This study aimed to determine the knowledge of business owners and cashiers in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan in the determination of counterfeit money. This study used the descriptive research design. Random sampling technique was employed. The profile of the respondents was analyzed through frequency and percentage. Meanwhile, the score of respondents in identifying counterfeit and genuine money was used to determine the level of knowledge of the respondents in identifying counterfeit money. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the owners and cashiers perfectly identified genuine money from counterfeit money. It also showed that cashiers are more knowledgeable compared to business owners since managing and handling of money are their field of expertise. Also, it has been found that features such as security thread and watermarks are the primary basis in the determination of counterfeit money. Moreover, the length of years engaged in business does not necessarily mean that they are knowledgeable in the determination of counterfeit money.
Keywords: Philippine Money, Counterfeit Money, Knowledge
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND TEACHING STRATEGIES OF AN EFFECTIVE ACCOUNTING TEACHER
Kathlene Accad, Angelica Acosta, Sherwin G. Salenga, Dianne T. Samonte and Precious Suyu
The fundamental objectives of this study are to identify the personality characteristics of an Accounting teacher which will help the Accounting students in their studies and to identify the teaching strategies to be used in teaching the six different subjects included in the CPA Licensure Examination which are perceived by the respondents to be effective. The respondents for the study were the Fifth Year BS Accountancy students for the school year 2018-2019 and were chosen by total enumeration. Questionnaire is the primary gathering instrument used. The first part consisted of the personality characteristics of an effective teacher which was based on the study of Murray, Rushton & Paunonen entitled “Teacher Personality Traits and Student Instructional Ratings in Six Types of University Courses” which then was slightly modified to suit the respondents and for them to be guided accordingly. The second part of the questionnaire held the teaching strategies employed by the teachers which were all lifted from the course syllabus of the different Accounting subjects of University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao. Moreover, the Measure of Central Tendency specifically the Mean was used in the analysis of data. The results showed that the most effective personality characteristics were being motivating, supportive, showing of leadership, approachable and intellectually curious. Meanwhile, the giving of drills and exercises, simulation and having discussions were proven to be the most effective teaching strategies.
Keywords: Effective Teaching, Teaching Strategies, Student Perception, Personality Characteristics, Accounting teacher, CPALE Board subjects
ISSUES ON THE NEW REVENUE RECOGNITION STANDARD (PFRS 15) BY CONTRACTORS IN CAGAYAN
Sunshine Manuel, Dindi Molina, Charlotte Palattao, Christopher Romero and Joshua Turaray
The aim of this research was to determine the issues on PFRS 15 by contractors in Cagayan. PFRS 15 is the new revenue recognition standard that specifies how and when a PFRS reporter will recognize revenue as well as requiring such entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative and relevant disclosures. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative method through interviewing the accountants of the construction companies in Cagayan. Although PFRS 15 is mandatory, there are still businesses that are not aware of the accounting changes and have not yet started applying this standard. However, most of the entities already applying the standard find it difficult because of the timing of the adoption and unfamiliarity from the standard. Some accountants who needed to have clear understanding of the standard due to the complexity of its provisions attended seminars and trainings and did their own research. Despite the difficulty, respondents believe that the standard reflects the true nature, timing and amount of revenues to be recognized.
Keywords: Revenue Recognition Standard, PFRS 15, Issues, Contractors
FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN FAMILY RESTAURANTS
Trisha Donnabel B. Mabalay, Richard M. Bacud, Julie Mae Monreal, Glendfrey J. Gacusana and Fresnhan A. Valdez
The restaurant business is one of the sectors that tries different experiments in respect to meet customer satisfaction towards delivered services. Restaurants are highly dependent on customer experience and engagement. In business cycle, customer satisfaction is the core part for the growth of an organization. The level of customer satisfaction in various time, phase, terms and conditions are changing. Better customer satisfaction helps to maintain profitability of company, goodwill of company and valuable customers. The study aimed to determine the factors affecting customer satisfaction in family restaurants. This study used descriptive quantitative research method and the respondents of the study were the customers who have experienced dining in restaurants here in Tuguegarao City. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents are within the age bracket of 17 to 21 and are female. Moreover, majority of the respondents are single. On the different factors affecting satisfaction, it showed that the respondents are strongly satisfied.
Keywords: Factors, Customer Satisfaction, Family Restaurant, Services
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF INFORMAL ECONOMY VENDORS IN CAUAYAN CITY
John Martin U. Acdal, Sheena S. Blas, Alliah Rainne Gayagoy, Thomas Kit P. Guibao and Jominette L Lagundi
The pervasiveness of informal economy, that is, activities that are legal in nature but do not follow the formalities established by the authority, is a normal and tacitly accepted enterprise in Cauayan City. This study aimed to uncover the lived experiences of the vendors within the context of informal economy in Cauayan City. The study employed descriptive-qualitative research design. The data were gathered through interview and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings of the study showed that sidewalk or mobile vending in the city is a survival strategy to cope with poverty. Nevertheless, their operations in the city are not codified by a separate ordinance defining efficient and effective management of their activities. There are nonetheless other ordinances in which the vendors are affected like the sanitation and garbage policies where they contribute to the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of the City. Finally, the lived experience of the vendors reveal that being a vendor is not just a job but it is their adaption to the challenging economic life that they have. Engaging in this type of work is decent, ethical and legal as the city government as well as the public recognize its existence and operations.
Keywords: Informal economy, lived experiences, Local Government Unit (LGU), Cauayan City
TAX COMPLIANCE STATUS OF BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Dona M. Barolo, Danielle Fatima V. Bello, Ralph Bryan A. Ferrer and Joy C. Ternura
The main objective of this study is to determine the tax compliance status among businesses in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan with regard to BIR deadlines. This study used a descriptive quantitative method. The respondents of the study were the business owners or managers of business establishments in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. Random sampling technique was employed. Findings of the study showed that majority of businesses are into servicing and have been operating for 1-10 years. It was also found out that upon registration of the business, the owners or managers were able to comply on time. The study also revealed that all the business respondents were prompt with their taxes relative to registration of the businesses. However, some of the businesses failed to comply with their taxes based on the BIR tax deadline especially payment for annual income tax and quarterly income tax. It was also found that some of the businesses are able to comply to avoid the penalty and also because the owners or managers knew about tax compliance.
Keywords: Tax Compliance, Tuguegarao City, Taxation